ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION OF MANDAILING, PADANG AND JAVA TRIBES

This study presents the existence of the English pronunciation of the students from Mandailingnese, Padangnese and Javanese. The purpose of this study are to investigate (1) the sound which students pronounce English differently , (2) which regional language that is most influential on the students’ English pronunciation,(3)the reason why the students pronounce English differently. The data are gathered from sounds pronounced by the students in the second semester of IAIN Medan. Then, the Students should fill the questionennaire form related to the subject and they try to pronounce 134 words given by researcher. The students are interviewed based on the subject’s problem. As the first result, researcher found that students pronounced some words differently as follows: a. [v] → [f], [j], [p], b. [z] → [s], [dʒ], c. [f] → [g], [p]. d. [s] → [c], [z] e. [ʃ] → [z], [s], [t], [c], f. [n] → [n], [g] , g. [ð] → [t], [d], [ɪ], [de], [tɪ], [də], h. [dʒ] → [j], [g], [du], i. [ph] → [p], j.[w]→[u], k. [tʃ] → [c], [k], [tj], [tu] [ge], [ʒ], [ʒɪ], l. [th] → [t], m. [g] → [k], n. [kh] → [k], o. [θ] → [t], [d] , p. [ʒ] → [z], [ʃ], [g], [gen], [s], [ʒɪ]. The second, researcher can declare that the Javanese accent has the most influence on English pronunciation. The third, lack of daily pronunciation practice make students are unable to pronounce normal sounds or ordinary accent.


I. INTRODUCTION
Language is the most important part of communication. People can express their feelings and thoughts through language to other people. Language is used by humans to know and understand each other. Without language, the world will not develop because of no communication as effective as language.
The goal of teaching English is to make the students master all skills of language (reading, speaking, writing, and listening). If possible, the students will have more skills in English as linguistics (morphology, phonology, syntax) and literature. Whenever students are graduated from University, they will be adept in English so they will be able to speak fluently especially in the working zone. To achieve the goals, many different linguistics factors such as grammar, lexicon (vocabulary and idiom), pronunciation, style (adjusted to the condition of the environment), function, and speech have become the purpose of learners and the task for teachers (Syafei:1988).
Pronunciation is one of the vital aspects of speaking the English language. English has a lot of different pronunciation than other languages in the world. Most English learners do not know how to pronounce words of English correctly because they do not have a similar pronunciation pattern. Pronunciation is also assumed the way or manner to pronounce words; the utterance of speech. And also pronunciation is the art of speaking a word, especially a manner that is generally accepted or understood by people.
Due to the above introduction, we could tell that pronunciation is a very essential point in speaking and so the students should have high attention to the pronunciation section as quickly as possible. Otherwise, It will cause "advanced students will find that they can increase all skills of English proficiency except the part of pronunciation, and falses or wrong pronunciation that have been redone for years are too difficult to fix" (Baker, 1992).
Meanwhile, Indonesia as the islands nation has hundreds of multilingual and various cultures. It has a huge number of tribe groups which each has its local languages and specific mother tongue. There are more than 350 regional languages spoken in Indonesia and approximately 300 regional languages have been well known. (Huda, 1999). pronunciation and typical English spelling. Therefore, they should overcome the problems by practicing curiously learning and deeply understanding the theory of sound production and increasing practice of how to pronounce the English words correctly. Gimson and Cruttenden (1994) confirm that the major problem of English learners is how to orally interpret a written piece of English, due to spelling and another challenge is how to differentiate the numbers of vowels, diphthongs, and consonants in each language. This idea is supported by Bryson (1990) states English may have difficulty in correctly pronouncing words from a written text. The reason is caused by the assumption that relatively easy to pronounce a word by looking at it.
It is tough to pronounce a word in English if the speaker has a big different background in producing the sound, influenced by a local accent. English vowels and consonants sounds are different from Indonesians especially for the region's mother tongue which is spoken by local people. The vowels and consonants are pronounced by people who speak the local and national languages in Indonesia will certainly influence the pronunciation of English words. Swan and Smith (2001) assure that there is approval about how deep pronunciations are influenced by learners' native languages. Most linguists would probably now agree that the local mother tongue can affect the pronunciation of English learners. Based on those problems and phenomena, the writer interests to observe and research the students' English pronunciation if they usually speak different regional languages. They are from Mandailingnese, Padangnese, and Javanese.

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The comparison of sounds in Mandailingnese, Padangnese, Javanese to Indonesian and

English sounds
There are many languages in the world and each of the language has their own sound and common characteristics. The researcher analyze questionnaires and recording data based on the pronunciation of the students. The interview was conducted to solve research's problems after analyzing of the questionnaire and recording data. The results of interview activities were summarized into a file.
The table indicate the students' answer on questionnaire by three classification. The first classification consist of people who always speak mother tongue at home.
The second classification is people who are unable to speak local language but their parents can. And the third classification is subjects who cannot speak local language at home but their parents can not either.

Data sources
The participants of this reseach were students of IAIN Medan. The researcher gave questionnaires to students and chose them according to their answers of quesionnaire. The researcher stated nine subjects to be applied in this research. The first classification is Subject

Instrument of Data Collection
The writer used words pronunciation, questionnaire, Interview, sound recording, in order to collect data from students as research's participants.

Technique of Data Collection
The researcher collected data in three steps, as follows: 1. Questionnaire's Observation.
There were three categories in this step. The first steps were: Students filled the questionnaire and gave to researcher. The writer analyzed the data from students' answers and chose subjects to be analyzed. The final step, the researcher make the subjects' group pointing on three classification.
The aim of data collection was to figure out, how the tribes of students would influence their pronunciation. The second steps included: Students as subjects should pronounce 134 words and their pronunciation was recorded by researcher. The result of the recording was in writing form and it was compared to the British pronunciation and the differences will be found.

The interview
When the researcher faced a problem after through first step and second step of collecting data, the interview should be done depending on the condition of students' pronunciation.

Technique of Data Analysis
The writer used some steps to analyze the data. In this research, analysis of the data applied interactive model of Mile and Hubermen (1984) that consists of data reduction, data display, and data summary.
1. The main important part in qualitative research technique was data reduction. Data reduction is used to reduce the raw and unnecessary data for the research. It reduced qualitative results of students sound transcript into simple matrix forms.
2. In qualitative methodology of Mile and Hubermen, the presentation of data was the preferred element in research . It confirmed that better data presentations were big advantage to summary final result. Data presentation used to show the data which classified as pattern or current. The data should be presented into easily understood configuration such as sounds' recording, matrix, and simple numbers.
3. The Conclusion was obtained by extracting the findings of the pattern of data after passed data reduction and data presentation stages.
As Summary, data were analyzed by using these following steps: identifying sound referring to the subject's classification, Grouping sound to find out the different pronunciation of subjects, calculating the data of facts to observe the most influential tribes on the students' English pronunciation, and the last, discussion and extracting of the final data.

The Trustworthiness of Data Analysis
Qualitative market research focuses on trustworthiness of data rather than focusing on the data, which would be define as quantitative research. Qualitative research is important because it measures things that data of numbers unable to reveal, qualitative methods sometimes show trends before they emerge in the quantitative data.
Data trustworthiness has three key components:

Credibility
Triangulation asks the same research questions of different research participants and collects data from various sources through different methods to answer the same questions. In this study, the participants were students from second semester of English Department, State Institute for Islamic Studies. The researcher used tape recorder to take sounds of students in order to analyze the data specificly. Methodological triangulation used one or two methods to collect data by asking participants to fill questionnaire in order to find out the three classifications from each student's tribe and interview them to seek the problem of students's facing.

Transferability.
It generalizes research's findings and final data to apply them to other situations and contexts. Researchers cannot prove definitively that outcomes based on the interpretation of the data are transferable, but they can establish that it is likely. Data analysis would be transcribed in order to generate the answers of the research questions.

Dependability
Sometimes data validity is assessed and audited to conduct if the data set is both richthick so that an auditor can reveal the situation's applied to theie contexts. It is important to remember that the goal is not to generalize beyond the sample. In this study, the researcher was audited by her two mentors to observe the result of her research from their vision of accuracy.

Data Analysis
The data of three classifications were observed and analyzed. If the subjects mispronounced the sound, the researcher would interrogate the subjects to reveal the reasons and excuses.
1. The first classification is the students who usually speak mother tongue at home. Subject 1 is Mandailing tribe. Subject 1 pronounced the words below as follows:

The Result of Observation
Referring to the data analysis above, the issues of research could be answered by the explanation belows :

The subjects have different pronunciation of English sounds.
The students as subjects of research pronounced several sounds differently, which could be described as follows:

The Subjects whose local language has the most influence in English Pronunciation
The final data of study could fulfill the second curiosity of researcher. The data could be described as follows:  Total  10  8  11  11  10  9  12  8  13 On the table above, the first category made 10 wrong pronunciation, the second category had 8 wrong pronuncation and the third category conducted 11 wrong pronunciation, so the total of wrong pronunciation were 29 for the Mandailingnese subjects.
The first classification made 11 wrong pronuncation, the second classification had 10 pronunciation and the third classification conducted 9 wrong pronunciation, so the total wrong pronunciation were 31 for the Padangnese subjects.
The first classification made 12 wrong pronunciation, the second classification had 8 wrong pronunciation and the third classification conducted 13 wrong pronunciation, so the total wrong pronunciation were 33 for the Javanese subjects.
Referring to the above explanation, we could get conclusion that the Javanese subjecs did the highest amount of wrong pronunciation. They made 33 wrong pronunciation in English sounds and then the second was made by Padangnese and the last it was Mandailingnese.
As So, it was concluded that Javanese has the most influential regional language on English pronunciation.

Factors affected subjects to pronounce wrongly
Every subject pronounced the false sounds in his own way. From the above data, the subjects described their reasons of pronouncing the words differently with the English phonetic ones. The writer calculate the percentage of their wrong pronunciation. The table below showed the subjects' reasons why they made wrong pronunciation of sound: subjects rarely in hearing the sound. They were 12 subjects who never used it in daily communication, and 5 subjects could not focus in pronunciation. There were 5 doubt subjects in making the sound.
Then, 3 subjects underestimated the word pronunciation and 2 subjects were not confident to pronounce well. There were 12 subjects whos could not feel the difference between English sound and their regional language. The last, 9 subjects were nervous when they pronounced the English Words So, We could tell that "less of practice" item was the main reason for subjects to pronounce English words differently. The others reason were not significant enough to affect subjects to make wrong pronunciation On the first chapter, the researcher described two views out studying English. First one said that regional language would definitely influence students to learn foreign language and in the other hand, second one said that regional language would not have influence for students to learn foreign language. Based on those two concepts, the writer supported the second one that native language would not have influence to students for learning foreign language. The main reason was just less of practice and as solution, they just needed more practices.

Conclusion
After analyzing the data, the conclusions could be described as the follows: 2. The regional language of Java tribe has the most influence onf the subjects' English pronunciation.
3. We could conclude that "less practice" was the main reason that Subjects made wrong pronunciation referring to English Phonetics Standard.

Suggestions
The suggestions are given as follows: 1. The teacher can minimize the wrong pronunciation by increasing the practice of English pronunciation.
2. The teacher who has schedule in teaching pronunciation should give more attention to the students.
3. The students or the people who learn English pronunciation should realize that continuous praticising is the main element to achieve good pronunciation.