THEME IN INDONESIAN – ENGLISH TRANSLATION TEXT

This research is based on Linguistics Systemic Functional (LSF) and it observes the fronting idea and modeling in translation. Fronting idea can be seen from the Theme and the shift of Theme in a text ant its translation. This Theme and Rheme system is as part of LSF theory, whilst the ways or systems of translation are seen from Larson’s and Catford’s theories. There are sixteen different texts taken as data analyzed in this research from five different sources. They are from (1) The British Council Bulletin, (2) Political Speech; (3) Connexions Magazine; (4) Pelangi Magazine; (5) Islamic Speech Book. Each of the text is identified based on its Thematization including Marked and Unmarked Theme, Simple and Complex Theme, Singular and Plural Themes especially the Theme-Shift. From this analysis,, it can be also known the factors that cause the shifts of the Theme. The results of the analysis are: first, Plural Topical Marked Theme is the dominant Theme in both languages. Secondly, there are seven types of Theme shift in both languages, i.e. (1) the shift in simple Theme becomes complex or vice versa, (2) the shift in singular Theme becomes plural or vice versa, (3) the shift in marked Theme becomes unmarked ones or vice versa, (4) the shift in Theme position, (5) additional Theme, (6) omission, and (7) changing Theme. Thirdly, the factors that influence the Theme shifts in translation are caused by shifts of language units from Theme or Rheme or vice versa. Besides, it is also found that the additional of language units from English to Indonesian or vice versa, such as conjunctions, circumstance of place, manner, and time. On the contrary, it can also be caused by the existence of omission of language unit from English to Indonesian or vice versa. The shifts, additions, and omissions of language units cause and influence the forms, types, and the number of Themes from Singular Theme becomes plural ones and vice versa, and from Simple Theme becomes the complex ones or vice versa.


I. INTRODUCTION
The 21th century is the period for the language to play an important part in course of international interdependence. This matter was seen in many bevy nation, like PBB, UniEurope, ASEAN, and also APEC, majoring English without disregarding other language in international communications. At this context, language did not only becomes the business of linguist and linguistic student, but also becomes the businessman, politician, statesman, and expert of natural philosophy to submit and permeate information even, event was informed by newspaper, television, and internet in certain language was swiftly translated in language of information receiver, so that the whole element of a nation earn swiftly and precisely posture for the information. Result of the translation have to according among submitted with accepted by somebody. Therefore, the process of language translation did not solely transliteration but also cultural evacuation precisely with the cultural equivalent in the origin of language society and receiver of result of the language translation.
Culture include cover the patterned thinking of society, both for implicit and also letter. "I define culture as the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression." (Newmark, 1988:94).
Culture represent the way of a nation formed was caused by the patterned thinking of society covering artistry, society, belief, custom, values, result of invention, and language. In this case, language becomes the part of culture at one blow become the medium of was forwarding of culture, by using the source of language and also language of translation.
Translation from language and culture which is one to other culture did not take place well. Newmark ( 1994:3) saying that Scripture Translation by Luther in 1522 have placed the ground for modern German and translation of Scripture of King James in 1611 giving influence in pushing language and English art. However, Yusuf ( 1994:34) saying that Our translation was Holy of New testament to Latin in 384 getting challenge from a group of human being which frown on the translation and interpretation freely. Even, translation of Al Qur'an to language of French and others in Europe a lot its truth non-recognition by Moslem scholar of Islam and asked by dynasty Muwahiddin to be annihilated. That matter was caused by the translator of holy book of Islam people was not done from its genuiness language, but stem from translation of Germany and Italian.
The various case in the process of translation and society acceptance to result translation have made the translasi or translation find the more form of system. That matter was seen in the 20th century becoming ' translation epoch' or duplicity epoch from the beginning'. In this century translation represent the very important activity to remain the role or its benefit. First, in science ( especially in art and language). Second, in the field of politics, since existence of forming of international organization or confederation. Third, make-up of collapsible technology duplicate ( from patent facet, making instruction, substance), effort bring to enter the technology into nations expand, published the same books at a time in various state, and increase the relation of interdependence of world society have generated the translation need which progressively increase. Newmark ( 1994:4) proving in 1967, as much 80.000 scientific journal was translated every year. Partly writer ' international' discovering their masterpiece was translated had extension compared by their original masterpiece. Furthermore in Italian and some small state in Europe, They hinge the life at their original masterpiece translation besides result of translation was done at others masterpiece. Translation of writing Masterpiece in language ' a few' especially in expand nation still be unfinished. In general, translation at this period is conversed from facet ( 1) opposition between free translation by literal translation and ( 2) opposition between impossibility become the its absolute need. Newmark ( 1994:5) dividing all translator in 19th century by two group. First group in a mood for Iiteral translation. Second group more thinking much of direct and easy style translation. Among two of this group, Benjamin ( 1923) reserving Iiteral translation with an expression have a meaning of that, " expression represent the wall becoming winnow fortress for origin language, while word translation for the shake of word is its alley." This is a view of found on epoch of pralinguistic translation. Other principal was done to see dissimilar in a text with orienting at interest textual. This interest relate at ability hit how one unit language stringed up with the unit of the other language. One of the researcher pay attention in this translation is the problem of difference Theme in Indonesian and English is not equal.
This research is conducted to explain the shift of theme and why they are happened in translation text from English into Indonesian text. There are four different text consisted of the text intentionally be selected as research object with an eye to be more result of reachable is representative. Researcher assume that the difficulty and constraint was griped by a translator during the time in translation from the source language to target language, needing research as elegibility test and one of them is through research of study thematization in translation of language of English-Indonesian and researcher take more than one text in bilingual translation.
Translation in its bearing with the Theme and Rheme represent the source to determine the opinion of bearing, idea, or meaning. Theme express the subject discourse which is usually referred or serially logically to previous expression.
Rheme is new element, predicate, lexical, giving information about Theme.
Recognition of Theme and Rheme base on the broader context. For example expression " He Discussed this subject" is logical sequence representing paraphrase like "This Subject offered him the opportunity he required for discussing it." From facet lexical, " this subject" is Theme " he discussed" is Rheme. Thereby, there is a conflict among logical sequence (" He Discussed this subject") and its for more uniting possible becomes form " This Was the subject he discussed" what require to be finished by translator.
Translator require to consider between logical sequence that is subject / live, verb., nonliving precise object, free and clear of the context and sequence determined by solid factor and pressure.
In its bearing with the clarification of Theme and Rheme in translation is above, this research also concentrate on the thematization in translation of English and Indonesian. studied in this thematization is element of Theme and Rheme which is there are in text and its translation. The unit of language which is located in early clause conceived of Theme and Rheme is located after Theme. This study of Thematization pursuant to previous experience and perception, when reading various text is often found the Theme shift in English and Indonesia in its translation. This matter make the researcher interested to check the this Theme friction.
Research to the data is processed by using theory of Linguistic Systemic Functional (later on shortened by LSF) expressing that language together its context is determining each other text and refer to context.

II. METHODOLOGY
In this research, the instrument of data qualitative research is done with the document study by the text in magazine, bulletin and book. Then, in the data presentation, this research In a research, data collecting can be done by perception that is data record-keeping, analysis of data and recapitulating (Moleong 1999:29). this Research data is collected by using technique of trianggulasi source or it is known of trianggulasi data. The way of this research instruct the researcher in collecting the data use the source data which is different each other. Its meaning that the data is equal taken from some different source data (Patton, 1984in Sutopo, 2006. In this research, a researcher take the data in the form of text which deal with education from magazine of British Council, by the different edition (2005)(2006)(2007) that will be gotten a truth result.

Sum of Total the Dominant Theme in English Text
After explained the results of the Theme (Simple Theme, Textual, Interpersonal and Topical.
The sum of total English Theme can be seen as below. There are ten shift of theme both of Indonesian-English and its translation, They are below:

1.The Shift of Simple Theme becomes Complex Theme
There is Theme change from a clause having one Theme in text of English becomes more than one Theme in Indonesian.

Atnike had the chance in London to watch the musicals Evita and The
Phantom of The Opera and Verdi's famous opera La Traviata.

Tema (M-B) Rema
Di London Atnike sempat menonoton Evita, The Phantom of The Opera, dan Opera La Traviata Karya Verdi.

2.The shift of Complex Theme becomes Simple Theme
There is Theme change from clause having more than one Theme in English text becomes one Theme in Indonesian.
This matter is proved at the result of Theme fnding in analyse the data below.

3.The shift of Plural Theme becomes Singular Theme
There are Theme in plural clause ( consisted of two clause or more) in English text but in Indonesian Theme is found in single clause ( consisted of one clause).
This matter is proved at the result of Theme finding in analyse the data below.
"it 's not that I don't want to help you.

4.The shift of Singular Theme becomes Plural Theme
There are Theme in single clause ( consisted of one clause) in English text but in Indonesian Theme is found in plural clause ( consisted of two clause or more).

It is shown in the text below
I Went back to school on 14 January 1993.

The shift of Unmarked Theme becomes Marked Theme
The shift of Unmarked Theme becomes Marked Theme is change of Plural Theme from Unmarked Theme in English text becomes Marked Theme in Indonesian text.

It is shown in the text below
He Says.

The shift of Marked Theme becomes Unmarked Theme
The shift of Marked Theme becomes Unmarked Theme is change of Plural Theme from Marked Theme in English text becomes Unmarked Theme in Indonesia text.

And
Carried them by land and sea.

Changing Theme
There is Plural Theme in English text is changing from English text into Indonesian text.

Omission Theme
There is Theme in English text is omission theme in Indonesian text.

Changing Theme
There is changing kind of Theme from English text to Indonesian text.

It is shown in the example below
Bahwa Yang hadir tidak perlu membawa makanan dan minuman

The Factors that Influence the Theme Shifts in Translation
The factors that influence the theme shift in translation are caused : Simple theme becomes the complex ones or vice versa.

IV. CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION
There are five different texts as the samples of the research through text identification. They are (1) The British Council, consists of (a) "From Sport to Spices" and English-Indonesian text basically to express the idea precipitation in translation.
Precipitation of this theme or Idea is not quit from cultural context of society its background.
Therefore, the shift of theme is also influenced by structure of language or language method both of Indonesian and also English.
Furthermore research require is to make the pattern or translation method which standard for public to facilitate all translator in doing its duty. This matter is also needed by idea or message which wish submitted by a writer really is equal or deputized by translation result in other language.