DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION OF JAVANESE TERMS IN THE YEARS OF THE VOICELESS NOVEL

This research analyses domestication and foreignization strategies in translating the Javanese cultural words in Years of the Voiceless novel. The objective of this research was to obtain the most frequent strategies used in altering Javanese cultural words that influence the ideology used in the translation of the Years of the Voiceles novel. This research was a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection was by reading source and target texts with note taking techniques. The method of data analysis used content analysis with a comparison strategy of translated text in the novel and source text. The theory used to analyze the translation ideology was Venuti (2008) while the theory used to analyze Javanese cultural words was Newmark's theory of cultural categories. The result of the research showed that there was an influence of domestication ideology in the translation of the novel the years of the voiceless at the Javanese cultural words. The domestication was the dominant strategy used in translating Javanese cultural words in the Years of Voiceless novel. Therefore, It indicates the translator tend to maintain Javanese cultural words in ST into English culture words in TT.


I. INTRODUCTION
Translation activity is a process of translating source text into target text involving elements of language and culture. This process plays an important role in various fields including science and technology, education, and even entertainment. (Bassnett, 2012) argued that translation plays an important role in helping the world understand different language and cultural backgrounds. Without translation, people from various cultural and linguistic backgrounds cannot establish communication well.  The work of translation is said to be good, if the work of the translation is able to communicate information carried in original language into target language. In accordance with (Verity & Larson, 1986) the best translation must (a) use reasonable forms in the target language, (b) communicate as much as possible information of original language as intended by speakers of original to speakers of target language, and (c) retain impression of original language document obtained by native speakers of original language and target language when reading translated document. There are 4 factors that cause differences in translating translated texts which cause problems in translation. These four factors lie in the use of the structural system for each language, different from the original language and target language, social factors, religion, material culture.  In addition, when translating a text both intrinsic and extrinsic factors of each language need to be considered. Intrinsic factors are language factors that are related to factors that exist in the text itself such as grammar. Every language has its own system and structure. This is in also related to culture. There are no similar cultures. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are influenced by the culture and ideology adopted by translators in translating texts. Intrinsically, the value and quality possessed by the text naturally will emerge from within the text, whereas extrinsically the value or quality comes from outside the text. The translator expresses information through document in translation process which is marked by cultural diversities in original and target languages. This directly becomes an intrinsic and extrinsic factor that represents an essential function in altering a passage from origin language into target language. Extrinsic factors are factors related to the text, but come from outside the text which may be interstitial, situational, cultural and ideological.
Furthermore, (Prasetyo, 2019) explains that the significant problem in altering cultural passages was commonly associated with the variations regarding each culture of the two styles. His ideology determines the translator's strategy to solve the issues. The translator must choose between domestication or foreignization ideology in the work of his translation. Translator also must choose to adapt with the reader of target text or with individuals to preserve a social thought of the original document that reflects culture and beliefs of original writer. Every choice of ideology in translation has consequences and risk.
In making decisions, translators must be able to read the situation and choose the smallest risk. The method of getting the data is reading and analyzing the printed documents. The data is obtained by using purposive sampling. It implies that data are involved with the goal of this research. The data to be examined will be selected purposively. It means that the cultural words in the origin and target texts.
Data analysis technique of this research used interactive model. (Huberman, 1998) state that there are three steps used to describe data, they are data compression, data representation and conclusion representation or confirmation.

Results
The result of data examination in the version of Years of the Voiceless novel were discovered that the translator used eight translation strategies based on foreignizated and domesticated ideology such as transference, literal, transliteration, functional equivalent, cultural equivalent, descriptive equivalent, synonymy, shift as displayed in table 1.

Discussion
Result of data examination illustrated in findings shows that all translation strategies The literal adopted by the translator in rendering Javanese cultural phrase symbolises that the translator attempts to preserve the grammatical of terms of the original language.
The application of this translation procedure is recognised efficient in the provided examples because original information is delivered well with appropriate target equivalence.

Transliteration
Transliteration means the translator reproducing words from origin language with relative phonetic or spelling equivalents of target (Tiedemann & Nabende, 2009).The models of transliteration procedure can be seen in the words komunis and operasi derives of English words communist and operation. Since the OL is Javanese language, during rendering these terms, the translator tried to realise the similar spelling of these terms in the TL such as in term tempe (ST) into tempeh (TT). This procedure is relevant since there are no similar information available for those different terms.

Transference
Transference means translator immediately shifting a original language term to a target language terms constant to produce some appropriate stylistic impression effect (Rahimkhani & Salmani, 2013).

Cultural Equivalent
Cultural means substituting a culture-specific part with a target language part which does not possess the identical propositional sense (Higashino, 1988). The traslator using the cultural terms which be delivered well by looking at their own culture, the readers of TL can understand and get the message. One of the example is Sudah nggak usah neko-neko (ST) become You dont need it. (TT).

IV. CONCLUSIONS
Translator dominantly used domestication strategy with functional equivalent as the most frequent strategy used and the other were descriptive equivalent, cultural equivalent, synonymy, shift,. It indicates the translators tend to maintain Indonesian culture specific items into TL culture. In addition, the similar reasearch is needed to see the acceptability level of translation of cultural words in the translation of the novel.